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A Guide to Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials for a Healthier Building

 A Guide to Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials for a Healthier Building


Reading Time: 9 minutes
Key Takeaway: Choosing non-toxic and low-VOC materials improves indoor air quality, protects health, and supports sustainable green building design.

Introduction (PAS Framework – ~120 words)

Problem: Many modern buildings are filled with hidden pollutants—paint fumes, adhesives, sealants, and synthetic materials that release harmful chemicals over time. These substances, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can cause headaches, allergies, and long-term respiratory issues.

Agitation: Imagine working or living in a space that slowly affects your health every day—just because of what the walls, floors, or furniture are made of. For many Malaysians, this is the reality of poor indoor air quality caused by toxic materials.

Solution: “A Guide to Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials for a Healthier Building” explores how to choose safe, sustainable materials that improve well-being and environmental performance. Healthier buildings begin with smarter material choices.

Summary Box

✅ Reduces indoor air pollution
✅ Enhances occupant health and comfort
✅ Improves green building ratings like GBI and MyCREST
✅ Supports sustainability and environmental goals

A Guide to Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials for a Healthier Building

Creating a healthy building isn’t just about energy efficiency or design—it’s about the materials used inside. Every coating, adhesive, and surface can release chemicals that impact the air we breathe. In this guide, you’ll learn how to select non-toxic and low-VOC materials to build or renovate healthier, more sustainable spaces.

1. What Are VOCs and Why Do They Matter?

VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are chemicals that easily evaporate into the air at room temperature. They come from:

  • Paints, varnishes, and finishes

  • Adhesives and sealants

  • Carpets, flooring, and furniture

  • Cleaning and maintenance products

When inhaled, VOCs can cause:

  • Headaches, dizziness, and nausea

  • Irritation of eyes, nose, and throat

  • Long-term respiratory problems

  • Increased risk of allergies or asthma

Buildings with high VOC levels can feel “stuffy” and cause fatigue or poor concentration. That’s why using low-VOC or non-toxic materials is essential for any green building design.

2. Why Focus on Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials?

According to “A Guide to Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials for a Healthier Building,” switching to safer materials can:

  • Improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Keeps pollutant levels low.

  • Enhance Occupant Health: Reduces exposure to harmful chemicals.

  • Increase Productivity: Fresh air improves focus and comfort.

  • Boost Building Value: Healthier environments attract tenants and buyers.

  • Earn Green Certification Points: GBI and MyCREST reward low-emission materials.

This makes it both an ethical and financial win for developers and building owners.

3. Key Characteristics of Low-VOC and Non-Toxic Materials

When choosing materials, look for the following features:

  • Low VOC Content: Below 50 g/L for paints and coatings.

  • No Formaldehyde: Especially for wood-based products.

  • Natural Ingredients: Use plant-based, mineral, or recycled materials.

  • Third-Party Certification: Verified by labels like GREENGUARD or EcoLabel.

  • Minimal Off-Gassing: Releases fewer pollutants during use.

These criteria ensure the materials contribute to a healthier indoor environment.

4. Common Sources of Indoor Toxins

It’s easy to overlook how many everyday materials release toxins. Here are common culprits:

  • Paints and Coatings: Traditional paints emit VOCs for months.

  • Adhesives: Strong glues often contain formaldehyde or solvents.

  • Flooring: Vinyl floors release phthalates and VOCs.

  • Furniture: Particleboard and MDF use urea-formaldehyde resins.

  • Sealants: Silicone or polyurethane sealants can off-gas for years.

Recognizing these sources helps in making informed, healthier choices.

5. Best Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials by Category

A Guide to Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials for a Healthier Building highlights practical alternatives for each part of your building.

a) Paints and Coatings

Choose:

  • Water-based acrylic paints labeled “low-VOC” or “zero-VOC.”

  • Natural clay or lime paints.

  • Powder coatings for metal surfaces.

Avoid:

  • Oil-based paints with solvents.

  • Cheap varnishes with high formaldehyde content.

b) Adhesives and Sealants

Choose:

  • Water-based or natural latex adhesives.

  • Solvent-free silicone sealants.

  • Plant-based binders.

Avoid:

  • Synthetic contact adhesives with toluene or xylene.

c) Flooring

Choose:

  • Solid wood or bamboo with non-toxic finishes.

  • Natural linoleum (made from linseed oil).

  • Ceramic tiles with low-emission grouts.

Avoid:

  • Vinyl flooring or laminates with PVC.

  • Carpet with strong chemical backing.

d) Insulation

Choose:

  • Cellulose insulation made from recycled paper.

  • Mineral wool or natural fiber insulation.

  • Non-toxic spray foam alternatives.

Avoid:

  • Fiberglass insulation with formaldehyde binders.

e) Furniture and Wood Products

Choose:

  • FSC-certified wood.

  • Solid timber instead of particleboard.

  • Water-based finishes and glues.

Avoid:

  • Furniture made from MDF or plywood using urea-formaldehyde.

6. Understanding Material Certifications

Certification labels help you verify which products are truly low in toxins. Look for:

  • GREENGUARD: Ensures low chemical emissions.

  • EcoLabel: Confirms environmental performance and health safety.

  • SIRIM Eco-Label (Malaysia): Verifies compliance with national green standards.

  • LEED / GBI Material Points: Awards credit for low-VOC materials.

  • MyCREST: Encourages safe material selection in Malaysian projects.

When suppliers provide these certifications, it proves the product meets global or local standards for indoor environmental quality.

7. Health and Economic Benefits

Using non-toxic and low-VOC materials provides both human and financial returns.

Health Benefits:

  • Fewer sick days and health complaints.

  • Better concentration and sleep.

  • Reduced risk of allergies and asthma.

Economic Benefits:

  • Higher property value due to sustainability certifications.

  • Lower maintenance costs.

  • Better tenant satisfaction and retention.

  • Eligibility for green financing or incentives.

Healthier buildings create happier occupants—and more profitable businesses.

8. How GBI and MyCREST Reward Low-VOC Materials

In Malaysia, both GBI (Green Building Index) and MyCREST (Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool) emphasize non-toxic materials in their rating systems.

GBI Awards Points for:

  • Low-VOC paints, adhesives, and sealants.

  • Recycled and non-toxic materials.

  • Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) management plans.

MyCREST Awards Points for:

  • Low-emission construction materials.

  • Safe disposal of hazardous products.

  • Reduced use of synthetic chemicals.

Choosing low-VOC materials helps projects achieve higher ratings—boosting their credibility and market appeal.

9. Practical Steps to Implement Non-Toxic Material Choices

Follow this step-by-step approach to integrate healthier materials into your project:

  1. Conduct a Material Audit

    • Identify current high-VOC materials.

    • Prioritize areas with heavy usage (paint, flooring, furniture).

  2. Set Clear Targets

    • Aim for “low-VOC” or “zero-VOC” materials in all new builds.

    • Include requirements in design and procurement documents.

  3. Work with Certified Suppliers

    • Request material safety data sheets (MSDS).

    • Verify certifications before purchase.

  4. Train Contractors and Designers

    • Educate them on non-toxic options and application methods.

  5. Monitor Indoor Air Quality

    • Test air quality post-installation to confirm VOC reduction.

10. Myths About Non-Toxic Materials

Myth 1: They’re too expensive.
Reality: Costs have dropped significantly. Savings come from improved health and fewer maintenance issues.

Myth 2: They’re hard to find.
Reality: Many local suppliers now offer certified low-VOC paints and finishes.

Myth 3: They don’t perform as well.
Reality: Modern eco-friendly materials are durable and long-lasting.

11. Examples of Non-Toxic Material Innovations in Malaysia

  • Nippon Paint Malaysia’s Green Choice Series: Certified low-VOC paints suitable for GBI projects.

  • Greenlam Laminates: Offer low-emission wood finishes.

  • Tropical Wood Alternatives: Bamboo and palm wood as renewable options.

  • Local Eco-Flooring Brands: Provide non-toxic adhesives and finishes.

These innovations show that healthier materials are accessible and affordable.

12. Creating a Healthier Indoor Environment

Material choice is just one part of the equation. To complement non-toxic materials:

  • Increase natural ventilation.

  • Add indoor plants to purify air.

  • Avoid chemical-based cleaning products.

  • Maintain proper humidity levels.

Together, these practices enhance comfort and health.

13. The Future of Non-Toxic Building Materials

The trend toward low-VOC and non-toxic materials is accelerating due to:

  • Stricter green building standards.

  • Growing awareness of indoor air pollution.

  • Corporate ESG commitments.

Future innovations may include:

  • Bio-based materials made from algae, hemp, or waste products.

  • Smart coatings that purify air or absorb CO₂.

  • Circular design approaches that reuse and recycle safe materials.

14. The Malaysian Market Outlook

In Malaysia, sustainable building is no longer optional—it’s becoming a business advantage. Developers adopting low-VOC materials can:

  • Achieve GBI and MyCREST certification faster.

  • Gain investor confidence under ESG frameworks.

  • Improve tenant satisfaction through healthier environments.

Government initiatives such as the National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) also encourage eco-friendly construction materials.

Conclusion

“A Guide to Non-Toxic and Low-VOC Materials for a Healthier Building” shows that creating safer, cleaner spaces starts with what you build them from. By choosing low-VOC paints, non-toxic adhesives, and natural finishes, you protect both people and the planet.

Healthier materials mean fewer pollutants, better air quality, and a stronger reputation for sustainability.

Ready to make your building healthier?
WhatsApp or call 013-300 6284 today to find out how Techikara Engineering Sdn Bhd can help you design, source, and implement non-toxic materials for your next project.

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